1. Which one of the following philosophical perspectives needs to be followed to deal with children with special needs?

(a) They should be segregated and put in separate educational institutions

(b) They should be given only vocational training

(c) They have a right to inclusive education and study in regular schools

(d) They do not need any education at all

2. Learner-centred approach means :

(a) that teachers draw conclusions for the learners

(b) traditional expository methods

(c) use of methods in which teacher is the main actor

(d) methods where learners’ own initiative and efforts are involved in learning

3. Which one of the following is central to learning?

(a) Conditioning

(b) Role memorisation

(c) Imitation

(d) Meaning-making

4. In a constructivist classroom as envisioned by Piaget and Vygotsky, learning:

(a) is dictated by the teacher and the students are passive recipients of the same

(b) happens by pairing of a stimulus and a response

(c) is offering of reinforcement by the teacher

(d) is constructed by the students themselves who play an active role

5. Which one of the following is a good example of ‘scaffolding’ (learning of a problem-solving task till the student is able to do it by herself)?

(a) Providing a half-solved example

(b) Telling her she cannot go home till she solves the problem

(c) Offering a reward for solving the problem quickly

(d) Telling her that she can do it by trying again and again

6. Your class has learners with different learning styles. To assess them, you would give them :

(a) a variety of tasks and tests

(b) the same time to perform on the tests

(c) a uniform set of instructions and subsequently label the children according to their marks in the test

(d) the same set of tasks and tests

7. Nowadays, there is a tendency to refer to ‘wrong concepts’ of children as ‘alternative conceptions’. This
could be attributed to :

(a) using fancy terms to describe children’s errors

(b) children being thought of as adult like in their thinking

(c) children’s understanding being nuanced and their being passive in their own learning

(d) recognition that children are capable of thinking and their thinking is different from that of adults

8. Which one of the following best describes a teacher’s role in a middle school classroom?

(a) Providing opportunities for discussions

(b) Promoting students to compete amongst themselves for the first position

(c) Discouraging multiple perspectives and focussing on unidimensional perspective

(d) Using Power point presentations to give lectures

9. Which one of the following statements about motivation and learning is correct?

(a) Learning is effective only when the students have intrinsic motivation  desire to learn from inside

(b) Learning is effective only when the students are extrinsically motivated – motivated by external factors

(c) Motivation does not have any role to play in learning

(d) Learning is effective only when the  students are motivated using external rewards

10. Which one of the following statements about learning is correct?

(a) Learning is equivalent to acquisition of skills

(b) Learning is facilitated by social actions

(c) Learning is a passive receptive process

(d) Learning does not depend on learner’s previous knowledge

11. Which one of the following is an important activity to enable children to learn?

(a) Lecture

(b) Instruction

(c) Reward

(d) Dialogue

12. Which one of the following statements about development is correct?

(a) Development occurs at a different rate among different individuals

(b) Development occurs at a very fast pace from birth till adolescence an then it stops

(c) Development proceeds from birth to adolescence in a forward manner and then it goes backwards

(d) Developmental changes go forward in a straight line

13. Middle childhood is the period from:

(a) 2 years to 6 years

(b) 6 years to 11 years

(c) 10 years onwards

(d) birth to 2 years

14. “Environmental factors do not play any role in shaping an individual, since growth of each individual is determined by his genetic makeup”. This statement is

(a) correct, since there have been several researches to prove that genetic material alone predicts an individual’s development

(b) incorrect, since environmental factors contribute little in an individual’s growth and development

(c) incorrect, since there have been several researches to prove that environment can have a major influence on development

(d) correct, since genetic makeup of an individual is very strong

15. ……………….. is a process through which a human infant begins to acquire the necessary skills to perform as a functioning member of the society.

(a) Learning

(b) Maturation

(c) Development

(d) Socialisation

                        ANSWER

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